Path diagram of the single mediator model, including a confounder.

Sensitivity analysis for unobserved confounding in causal mediation analysis allowing for effect modification, censoring and truncation

A three-variable mediation model.

Michael Clark: Mediation Models

That's a Lot to Process! Pitfalls of Popular Path Models - Julia M. Rohrer, Paul Hünermund, Ruben C. Arslan, Malte Elson, 2022

Illustration of a model with one mediator and a vector of confounders.

Structural equation modeling versus marginal structural modeling for assessing mediation in the presence of posttreatment confounding.

Mediator vs. Moderator Variables

The causal mediation pathway with a single mediator and observed

directed acyclic graph (DAG) part 1: identifying confounder from DAG vs. not; & collider, mediator